Archive
2013.10.01
The former Kabukiza
Inheriting “invisible goodness.”
Chief Designer
Architectural Design Department 4 Kazuhiro Ishibashi
The Kabukiza Theatre already has a set form as a physical structure, but various elements, including the latest technology, will be incorporated into it.
The chief designer was given this difficult mission.
We were able to overcome all the difficulties by combining the technical skills and wisdom of professionals from each department.
This was a skill that only Mitsubishi Jisho Design could offer.
"Inheriting the functions of the fourth Kabukiza and adding new functions to further develop it" was the main pillar of this project. However, with the framework already decided as a hardware, there were many physical space restrictions to incorporate various elements, including the latest technology, and it was quite difficult from the perspective of the designer. However, the really difficult part was not actually the hardware, but the fact that the Kabukiza had an established software. It was not just the software in terms of usability, but the "invisible goodness" of the memories, senses, and feelings of the actors, backstage staff, and many more customers. That was what the previous Kabukiza had. In order to incorporate new functions into it, a great deal of time and effort was required. In other words, this project required the ability to design while inheriting such "invisible things." To meet this demand, it was not enough to simply have a good designer with good taste. We gathered the strengths of each department - design, structure, equipment, electricity, engineering - and combined each department's experience and wisdom to tackle this difficult challenge. And we were able to actually meet the demand. I am convinced that we were able to overcome this hurdle by making the most of our company's strengths.
The solution was found, like a door unlocking.
However, there were many times when we were at a loss as to what to do. There were many people involved, and we had to respond to each of their requests, and there were also times when we had no other examples to refer to when designing. Although we said we would follow the fourth period, we couldn't use the same materials, and the dimensions didn't work out. There was not enough time for the huge number of items to consider... We hit a wall many times.
The first big hurdle was the structural format. The fourth Kabukiza was made of reinforced concrete. This time, however, it was made of steel. There were some objections to a steel-framed structure, such as "whether the acoustics would be insufficient to insulate the building," or "whether the exterior image of the fourth Kabukiza would change," but after discussing with each person in charge, we decided that "this plan can only be realized with a steel-framed structure. We will solve other problems with ingenuity." At the time, the fourth Kabukiza had not yet been dismantled and surveyed, but there was a feeling that the current reinforced concrete might be too heavy, given the weight of the old reinforced concrete structure. Indeed, when we actually dismantled it, there were traces of attempts to support the interior as lightly as possible, and we were convinced that we had made the right decision to proceed with the design using a steel-framed structure.
From a structural standpoint, the planning of Oma, the theater entrance, and Kobikicho Square (photo: Urban Planning and Landscape page) was also a challenge. The red-painted round pillars in Oma are approximately 60cm in diameter. From a design perspective, these pillar dimensions could not be changed. After numerous meetings with the structural engineer, who was concerned that "these pillar dimensions are not for a skyscraper...", we were able to find a structural framework that took into account the dimensions of the pillar divisions in the fourth phase, without destroying the image of Oma to date. This was the moment when the relationships between the intricately interrelated beams supporting the Oma atrium, the grand staircase, the roof, and the balcony floor of the audience seating were all resolved.
Kobikicho Square, which is directly connected to Higashi-Ginza Station, has pillars supporting the seating that cannot be removed due to its structure. This is a new space that does not need to be restricted by the fourth phase, but it was a tricky location in that it needed to have pillars even though it was a "plaza," and there was a large parking lot below, so it was difficult to decide where to place the pillars. As we continued to consider the issue, we found a way to solve all of this by moving the four pillars closer to the center of the plaza. If you think of a tower in the center of the plaza, the pillars no longer look unnatural.
It was only when we started thinking not just about resolving physical requirements but also about what the Kabukiza should be like that we found the solution, as if a door that had been closed until then had been unlocked.
We reached our goal by combining the technical skills and wisdom of each profession.
The installation of acoustic reflectors in the folded-up section of the saobuchi-tenjo ceiling above the audience seats is probably the most visible change in the fifth Kabukiza. This was a measure to improve the acoustics of the first-floor seats, but it was a very delicate undertaking, as it required incorporating a flat ceiling into the round, semi-cylindrical ceiling and installing indirect lighting seamlessly, and it was located in the ceiling closest to the stage where it could be seen most from the audience seats. During the design stage, we were worried that the three-dimensional structure might not work in the first place, but after repeated discussions with Kengo Kuma & Associates Associates (hereafter referred to as Kuma Office), who were in charge of the design, and Nagata Acoustics, who was in charge of the acoustics, we refined the design to the point where it was feasible.
Once on-site, the challenge was to coordinate with the lighting. Even though it was lighting for the audience, we needed smooth control of brightness to match the stage direction. Dimming the LED fixtures was difficult enough, but we had to make sure that the light would not look out of place on a ceiling surface with an unprecedented shape. We asked people from Shochiku, the project owner, and the Kabukiza to visit the production site, and it was a total war until we arrived at a satisfactory form in terms of both acoustics and lighting. The familiar ceiling design and lighting were combined with our acoustic proposal, and another new highlight for the Kabukiza was born.
The Kabukiza is the world's only Kabuki hall, and a building unlike any other. It is no exaggeration to say that we poured all of the design experience we have cultivated into this project. We all thought things through to the very last detail, with each profession using their imagination and at times coming up with acrobatic solutions. By bringing together the technical capabilities and wisdom that Mitsubishi Jisho Design is proud of, I believe we were able to help give shape to the dreams of the business owner, those involved in the stage, and all those who love Kabuki.
This special feature was compiled in 2013. The titles of each person in charge are those from that time.
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Architectural Design Department 4 Kazuhiro Ishibashi
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Update : 2013.10.01