2024.02.01

MEP Engineering talk. Environment and facility idea notes Vol. 11

Creating a comfortable "air" environment with renewable energy

Takasago Thermal Innovation Center

MEP Engineering designers talk. Environment and Equipment Idea Note TOP

The Takasago Thermal Innovation Center, a research base for an air conditioning equipment construction company, is a facility that aims to be a "live office," a place where workers can experience these environments while also taking on the challenge of introducing a number of new technologies. We will introduce a case study in which we conducted everything from system construction to demonstration and evaluation after repeated discussions with the company's personnel and university professors.

How to create an "energy independent" research facility

In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, large amounts of electricity from renewable energy sources, such as mega solar power plants and offshore wind power plants, are beginning to be connected to the power grid (power transmission system). While this is expected to increase further in the future, measures to stabilize the power grid are urgently needed due to the instability of supply.

地下水熱・バイオマスCHP・太陽光発電・蓄電池を取り入れた本施設では、「熱利用」「発電」「蓄電」を上手に組み合わせることで、敷地内で創エネとエネルギー消費を完結させて、売電せずに実績値でZEB(旧研究所を基準値とし、オフィス棟で『ZEB』、敷地全体でNearly ZEB)を実現。現在はEMS(大容量蓄電池用電力マネジメントシステム)の制御により発電した電気をオンサイトで完全自己消費していますが、将来的にはこれを用いて電力網の需給に合わせた電力制御の最適化も可能な、グリッドの安定化に貢献する施設です。

Energy flow for this facility. Electricity, heat/cold energy, and well water are obtained from solar power, wood chips made from materials from within the prefecture, and groundwater, respectively. Energy independence makes the system strong in emergencies.

The main heat sources for this facility are biomass CHP heat, which is a renewable energy source, and groundwater heat.
Biomass CHP uses wood chips as fuel, which is more difficult to operate stably than fossil fuels, so after inspecting case studies and identifying issues together with Takasago Thermal Engineering staff, we decided to introduce this project, our first of its kind.
To increase the efficiency of biomass CHP, it is essential to have a system that uses the heat generated here all year round.In winter, it is used as a heat source for heating, and in summer, it is used to reheat the desiccant outdoor air conditioner and to supply hot water, and the surplus heat is also used to dry wood chips, making sure that no heat is wasted.

In order to make the most of the groundwater heat, we have introduced air conditioning systems that use high-temperature cold water, such as desiccant outdoor air conditioners, radiant air conditioners, and personal air conditioners. These devices are newly developed with the aim of achieving even greater energy conservation. In addition, to use groundwater heat, which is a limited resource, as the main heat source, we have set up two systems: one that pumps up groundwater during the day and uses it, and one that pumps up groundwater at night and stores it in a pit for use. This allows us to obtain sufficient groundwater heat even though we are in an area with water extraction restrictions.

Conceptual diagram of the heat source and air conditioning of this facility. The main heat sources are biomass CHP heat and groundwater heat, which are renewable energies. The air-cooled heat pump package is used only for backup and for the cooling and dehumidifying outdoor air conditioning unit on the second floor. The system processes latent heat with the outdoor air conditioning unit, and sensible heat with radiant panels that use groundwater heat and personal air conditioning units.
Radiant panel for system ceiling. Unlike conventional types (uniform control based on the representative temperature of the office), this reduces the power required for transportation by finely controlling according to the load distribution. 12 panels of 600 x 600 mm are used as one unit, and water supply is controlled by the panel surface temperature. Since the system using high-temperature cold water can achieve high efficiency of the heat source, it is considered to be effective even in areas where groundwater heat cannot be used.
  1. Biomass CHP (Combined Heat and Power): An energy-saving method that utilizes waste heat generated during power generation. In this facility, wood chips are heated and pyrolyzed to generate high-temperature combustible gas, which is then fed into a gas engine to generate electricity. In the power generation process, the waste heat obtained from engine cooling, etc. is passed through a heat exchanger to supply hot water to the facility.
  2. Joint development between Takasago Thermal Engineering and the Akashi Laboratory at the University of Tokyo

Using "air" as a key, we create each individual's "work space"

The first thing we focused on as an "Innovation Center" was "creating a working space."
When I was a student, I studied the impact of architectural environments on intellectual productivity, and based on the knowledge that "different types of work require different environments," I would move to a place where the space, sound, light, and thermal environment suited my mood and the work I was doing. From this experience, I thought that this facility, where a variety of tasks are carried out, needed to be designed to allow users to adjust and choose their own environment.

Therefore, we decided to proceed with the design based on the theme of "air," which is Takasago Thermal Engineering's specialty, and repeatedly considered designs and facility plans that would suit various tasks and areas, including individual/multiple people working, concentration/meetings/refreshment, etc. Furthermore, we thought that it would be good to have a space in the office where one can experience the "ever-changing" nature of air, rather than just a stable, fully air-conditioned space, so we created closed and open areas.

Closed area: Main office. In order to ensure brightness while saving energy, north-facing lighting, radiant air conditioning, and indirect lighting are used. Each seat is equipped with a personal air conditioner.
Open Area: An office zone that actively utilizes natural ventilation. Personal air conditioners are installed in the ceiling and fixtures, and radiant panels are installed on the counter seats facing the atrium.

The closed area is uniformly air-conditioned with radiant air conditioning, while the open area facing the atrium is gently air-conditioned only with outdoor air conditioning units, allowing for active natural ventilation. Furthermore, three types of personal air conditioning units have been installed in the task areas of both areas, allowing for the creation of a preferred thermal environment in each preferred location.
These efforts have led to the office obtaining an "S rank" in the CASBEE Wellness Office certification.

Three types of personal air conditioners have been developed that can be cooled or heated to suit individual preferences. (Left) A "partition type" that can be installed between facing desks, (middle) a "desk type" that can be installed under the top of a table, etc., and (right) a "ceiling-mounted type" that can be installed between radiant air conditioning panels.

Actual measurements using a thermal mannequin showed a cooling effect of about -1℃ over the entire body. Air conditioning is only applied to areas that need it, which also contributes to energy conservation.

Through post-completion verification, improvements will be made to create an even better facility

After completion, the facility conducted demonstration and evaluation based on actual measurements and questionnaire surveys of workers over a period of approximately three years in collaboration with Takasago Thermal Engineering and Waseda University's Tanabe Laboratory.
In the first year (2020), energy consumption increased due to operations that were different from those assumed in the design, such as increased ventilation volume due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but by making operational changes based on the verification and improving personal air conditioning, the office building was able to achieve further energy savings in the second and third years. Today, we are continuing to work toward further improvements and environmental improvements. Although the various initiatives that differed from normal office air conditioning were a major challenge, we obtained useful results that can be used in future designs.
We have received numerous domestic awards, including the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan Award and the Carbon Neutral Grand Prize, but we also took on international awards with these post-completion initiatives in mind, and were able to win first place in Asia in the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Technology Award*.

Actual value of primary energy consumption per unit [MJ/m2/year] for the office building. In the third year, it was reduced by about 25% compared to the first year of operation, and thermal satisfaction improved in a questionnaire survey. The building is growing into a more energy-efficient and comfortable one.

In August 2023, we received the highest score at the ASHRAE Region XIII 26th Chapters Regional Conference of the ASHRAE Technology Awards 2024 regional conference hosted by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the world's largest international academic society related to air conditioning and heating and cooling.

Designer's Voice

Designer

Mechanical MEP Engineering Department / Joined in 2014

Yuka Muto

Yuka Muto

With the cooperation of many people from planning to construction and demonstration, this facility has won numerous awards and been widely praised. Being involved in this project has been a great source of inspiration for me as a designer. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all those involved. I would be delighted if this facility could help raise interest in carbon neutrality and contribute to the creation of new ideas.
*Affiliation at the time of project assignment

Data

Property Name

Takasago Thermal Innovation Center

location

2-19 Fujimigaoka, Tsukubamirai City, Ibaraki Prefecture

Applications

Research Facilities

Site area

22,746.18 m2

Building area

7,129.74 m²

Total floor area

11,763.97 m²

Floor number

2 floors above ground, 1 floor in the penthouse Maximum height: 15.455m

Construction type

Ground floor steel construction, partly reinforced concrete construction

Certifications

CASBEE Wellness Office (2020 edition): S rank
BELS: Five Star, 91% reduction in design primary energy consumption, Nearly ZEB
LEED V4 BD+C(NC):GOLD

Planning, development, verification and evaluation

Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd.

Design (※1), Construction Supervision, verification, and evaluation

Mitsubishi Jisho Design Inc.

Design (※2) and construction

Takenaka Corporation

Construction

Kandenko Corporation, Yamato Corporation, Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. Kan-Shinetsu Branch

Verification and Evaluation

Shinichi Tanabe (Professor, Waseda University), Yasuyoshi Akashi (Professor, The University of Tokyo), Masanari Ukai (Lecturer, Waseda University), Shohei Miyata (Specially Appointed Lecturer, The University of Tokyo)

Awards
  • 34th Ibaraki Architectural Culture Award, Governor's Award (Grand Prize)
  • 33rd Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan Awards, Technology Division, Excellent Facility Award
  • FY2022 Demand Side Management Awards, Integrated Systems Division, Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Center Promotion Award
  • 61st Society Award Technology Award, Building Equipment Category
  • 21st Environmental and Facility Design Awards, Category II: Architecture and Facility Integrated Design Category, Excellence Award
  • 11th Carbon Neutral Award
  • 2024 ASHRAE Technology Awards Asia Region Best Award
  • 2023 Energy Conservation Awards Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Award

1: schematic design, design development (air conditioning, sanitation, electricity)

2: design development (architecture and structure)


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